“.NET 4.0网络开发入门之旅系列文章”开篇语 无网不胜（续）

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“.NET 4.0网络开发入门之旅系列文章”开篇语

无网不胜（续）

3 搭建好网络开发与测试环境

（1） 安装好Visual Studio 2010。

任何一个版本的Visual Studio 2010都可以，包括免费的学习版，这个系列的文章不需要用到Visual Studio 2010的高级特性。

（2）只在单机测试网络程序是不够的，读者需要准备好两台计算机，在真实的网络环境下测试你的程序。

如果准备两台物理计算机有困难，可以安装虚拟机。常见的虚拟机软件有VMware，Virtual PC和Virtualbox，这些虚拟机软件使用起来大同小异。

我使用的是Virtual Box，这是一个开源的软件，大家可以访问http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads下载Virtualbox，当前最新版本为3.2.10，安装包为75M。

安装完后，启动VirtualBox，点击“新建”按钮，VirtualBox会启动一个向导帮助你创建虚拟机。你需要提供一个Windows操作系统安装光盘镜像，之后按照向导一步步地完成就行了（图3）：

图 3

创建完虚拟机之后，启动它，从“设备”菜单中选择“分配光驱”，“更多虚拟光盘”（图4）：

图 4

在打开的窗口中点击“注册”，选择好Windows的安装文件（图5）：

图 5

然后重启虚拟机就行了。

虚拟机启动之后，请从“设备”菜单中选择“安装增强功能”选项，这些增强功能将大大地方便虚拟机的使用。

Virtualbox使用起来很简单，并提供了详细的用户手册（英文），为了节省篇幅，这里不对其详细展开介绍。只是列出几点重要事项：

（1）建议在虚拟机中安装Windows Server 2008/Vista/Windows 7，这些较新操作系统包容了比老版本更多也更新的网络功能，但这需要你的“物理”机器配置较高，建议为虚拟机提供1G的内存。

我使用的计算机配置如下：主机4G内存，跑Windows 7 Professional （64位），虚拟机分配了1.5G内存，跑Windows Server 2008 R2（64位），也许是由于我的计算机性能较高，虚拟机跑起来还是比较流畅的。

（2）给虚拟机单独安装.NET 4.0，可以在VS2010安装光盘的WCU/dotNetFramework文件夹下找到独立的.NET 4.0安装包，也可以从微软网站下载。

（3）让虚拟机可以连上网络，这里的关键在于必须正确设置虚拟机的网卡类型。由于我们需要让宿主机和虚拟机相互访问，所以应该按以下方式配置网卡：

图 6

设置为“桥接网络适配器（Bridged Adapter）”可以让宿主机与虚拟机“相互看到”，另外，选中“插入网线”，则虚拟机启动时会自动连上网络。

（4）给虚拟机和宿主机间设置共享文件夹（图7）。

图 7

点击右边的带有“+”号的小图标给虚拟机与宿主机添加共享文件夹。

现在启动虚拟机。

完成了以上工作以后，你就可以先在“物理机”中编码，当需要在网络环境中测试时，将要测试的程序复制到共享文件夹中，然后启动虚拟机，通过共享文件夹将程序复制到虚拟机中运行。

以下是我的网络开发环境（图8）。

图 8

如图8所示，“JINXULIANG-SERV”是我的宿主计算机；MYSERVER则是我们安装好的Windows虚拟机，而VBOXSVR则是VirtualBox虚拟机，我们在前面添加的“数据空间”将成为这台计算机的“网络共享文件夹”。

要指出的是，通过虚拟机与宿主机虽然可以比较好地模拟一个网络环境，但毕竟是“虚拟的”，只有在真实的网络环境下，让程序跑在多台真实的物理机器上，才能真正对网络应用程序进行测试。不过对于学习软件技术而言，开发阶段使用虚拟机进行测试更为方便，只有等程序基本开发完成，再移植到真实的网络环境中进行测试。

好了，这个开篇语写得太长了。就此打住。

最后给读者留一个课后作业：

请按照本文的介绍搭建好你的网络开发环境，并准备好相关的技术书籍和资料

下一讲，我们先从最简单的IP地址说起，介绍.NET基类库中与IP地址相关的类，并开始我们“激动人心”的.NET网络开发技术探险之旅！