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C#时钟控件的创建与使用

 
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C#时钟控件的创建与使用

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简介:效果如图。

本文假定读者熟悉基本的C#编程过程,但对建立控件的过程不太了解,以一个时钟控件为例,详细描述了开发过程,希望对大家有所帮助。

1、 时间变换部分-----只需要比较简单的数学知识

首先取得当前时间

int hour = dateTime.Hour % 12; // 将小时数(24基)转换成12基的

int minute = dateTime.Minute;

int sec = dateTime.Second;

将这些数据转换成相应的弧度(因为sin所)

float hourRadian = hour * 360/12 * PI/180;

float minRadian = minute * 360/60 * PI/180;

float secRadian = sec * 360/60 * PI/180;

根据弧度得出了时针的端点

float hourEndPointX = lengthofHourHand * System.Math.Sin(hourRadian)

float hourEndPointY = lengthofHourHand * System.Math.Cos(hourRadian)

则时针画法为

 Line(centerX, centerY, hourEndPointX, hourEndPointY)

分针、秒针以此类类推。

2、 详细步骤

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首先创建一个工程命名为AnalogClockControl.选择Windows Control Library为模板。

从工程中删除usercontrol1.cs文件,并向其中新增加一个类。

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向你的控件中拖入一个timer控件,将其Interval属性设为1000(每1000毫秒发出一个WM_TIMER消息)。

下面开始编程,类的架构:

class AnalogClock : System.Windows.Forms.UserControl

{

const float PI=<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="3.141592654" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">3.141592654F</chmetcnv>;

DateTime dateTime;

float fRadius;

float fCenterX;

float fCenterY;

float fCenterCircleRadius;

float fHourLength;

float fMinLength;

float fSecLength;

float fHourThickness;

float fMinThickness;

float fSecThickness;

bool bDraw5MinuteTicks=true;

bool bDraw1MinuteTicks=true;

float fTicksThickness=1;

Color hrColor=Color.DarkMagenta ;

Color minColor=Color.Green ;

Color secColor=Color.Red ;

Color circleColor=Color.Red;

Color ticksColor=Color.Black;

...

...

为了确保控件被初次加载及被改变大小时都能正常显示时间,我们有必要在LoadResize事件发生时予以响应。

程序如下:

private void AnalogClock_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

dateTime=DateTime.Now;

this.AnalogClock_Resize(sender,e);

}

private void AnalogClock_Resize(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

this.Width = this.Height;

this.fRadius = this.Height/2;

this.fCenterX = this.ClientSize.Width/2;

this.fCenterY = this.ClientSize.Height/2;

this.fHourLength = (float)this.Height/3/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.65" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.65F</chmetcnv>;

this.fMinLength = (float)this.Height/3/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.2" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.20F</chmetcnv>;

this.fSecLength = (float)this.Height/3/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.15" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.15F</chmetcnv>;

this.fHourThickness = (float)this.Height/100;

this.fMinThickness = (float)this.Height/150;

this.fSecThickness = (float)this.Height/200;

this.fCenterCircleRadius = this.Height/50;

this.Refresh();

}

为完成时钟效果,程序应该每秒钟刷新一次时、分、秒针的位置。双击timer控件,在其响应函数中加入如下代码:

private void timer1_Tick(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

this.dateTime=DateTime.Now;

this.Refresh();

}

下面来写一下两个与图形有关的函数,DrawLine() DrawPolygon(),它们的作用是在窗体上画出秒针与时分针。

代码如下:

private void DrawLine(float fThickness, float fLength, Color color,

float fRadians, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{

e.Graphics.DrawLine(new Pen( color, fThickness ),

fCenterX - (float)(fLength/9*System.Math.Sin(fRadians)),

fCenterY + (float)(fLength/9*System.Math.Cos(fRadians)),

fCenterX + (float)(fLength*System.Math.Sin(fRadians)),

fCenterY - (float)(fLength*System.Math.Cos(fRadians)));

}

private void DrawPolygon(float fThickness, float fLength, Color color,

float fRadians, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{

PointF A=new PointF( (float)(fCenterX+

fThickness*2*System.Math.Sin(fRadians+PI/2)),

(float)(fCenterY -

fThickness*2*System.Math.Cos(fRadians+PI/2)) );

PointF B=new PointF( (float)(fCenterX+

fThickness*2*System.Math.Sin(fRadians-PI/2)),

(float)(fCenterY -

fThickness*2*System.Math.Cos(fRadians-PI/2)) );

PointF C=new PointF( (float)(fCenterX+

fLength*System.Math.Sin(fRadians)),

(float) (fCenterY -

fLength*System.Math.Cos(fRadians)) );

PointF D=new PointF( (float)(fCenterX-

fThickness*4*System.Math.Sin(fRadians)),

(float)(fCenterY +

fThickness*4*System.Math.Cos(fRadians) ));

PointF[] points={A,D,B,C};

e.Graphics.FillPolygon( new SolidBrush(color), points );

}

为了使控件的用户能够控制这个时钟控件的启停,我们在其中加入另外两个函数。

public void Start()

{

timer1.Enabled=true;

this.Refresh();

}

public void Stop()

{

timer1.Enabled=false;

}

控件对于Paint消息的响应函数是这个控件中最核心的程序,完成了时间提取、弧度转换及画指针这一系列活动。

代码如下:

private void AnalogClock_Paint(object sender,

System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{

float fRadHr=(dateTime.Hour%12+dateTime.Minute/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="60" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">60F</chmetcnv>) *30*PI/180;

float fRadMin=(dateTime.Minute)*6*PI/180;

float fRadSec=(dateTime.Second)*6*PI/180;

DrawPolygon(this.fHourThickness,

this.fHourLength, hrColor, fRadHr, e);

DrawPolygon(this.fMinThickness,

this.fMinLength, minColor, fRadMin, e);

DrawLine(this.fSecThickness,

this.fSecLength, secColor, fRadSec, e);

for(int i=0;i<60;i++)

{

if ( this.bDraw5MinuteTicks==true && i%5==0 )

// Draw 5 minute ticks

{

e.Graphics.DrawLine( new Pen( ticksColor, fTicksThickness ),

fCenterX +

(float)( this.fRadius/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.50F</chmetcnv>*System.Math.Sin(i*6*PI/180) ),

fCenterY -

(float)( this.fRadius/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.50F</chmetcnv>*System.Math.Cos(i*6*PI/180) ),

fCenterX +

(float)( this.fRadius/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.65" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.65F</chmetcnv>*System.Math.Sin(i*6*PI/180) ),

fCenterY -

(float)( this.fRadius/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.65" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.65F</chmetcnv>*System.Math.Cos(i*6*PI/180)) );

}

else if ( this.bDraw1MinuteTicks==true ) // draw 1 minute ticks

{

e.Graphics.DrawLine( new Pen( ticksColor, fTicksThickness ),

fCenterX +

(float) ( this.fRadius/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.50F</chmetcnv>*System.Math.Sin(i*6*PI/180) ),

fCenterY -

(float) ( this.fRadius/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.50F</chmetcnv>*System.Math.Cos(i*6*PI/180) ),

fCenterX +

(float) ( this.fRadius/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.55" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.55F</chmetcnv>*System.Math.Sin(i*6*PI/180) ),

fCenterY -

(float) ( this.fRadius/<chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="1.55" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">1.55F</chmetcnv>*System.Math.Cos(i*6*PI/180) ) );

}

}

//draw circle at center

e.Graphics.FillEllipse( new SolidBrush( circleColor ),

fCenterX-fCenterCircleRadius/2,

fCenterY-fCenterCircleRadius/2,

fCenterCircleRadius, fCenterCircleRadius);

}

最后,还须为此控件设置个三个属性,使用户可以更改其颜色。

代码如下:

public Color HourHandColor

{

get { return this.hrColor; }

set { this.hrColor=value; }

}

public Color MinuteHandColor

{

get { return this.minColor; }

set { this.minColor=value; }

}

public Color SecondHandColor

{

get { return this.secColor; }

set { this.secColor=value;

this.circleColor=value; }

}

3、 在其它工程中应用此控件

在对上述控件工程进行正确编译后,得到一个DLL文件,可以将其拷入其它任意工程文件夹中,右键工具栏,选choose Items…

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在其后出现的对话框中选browse钮,选择相应的dll,相应的时钟控件即出现在工具栏中,我们可以对它进行任意拖动。Enjoy it !

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